![]() ![]() Many studies have detected dysregulated expression of CK2 in human cancers ( 46). With hundreds of putative substrates identified through in vitro studies ( 27), CK2 has been linked to fundamental cellular processes including the regulation of DNA transcription and damage responses ( 13, 14), protein translation and stability ( 5, 42), and circadian rhythms ( 22). Thus, CK2α appears to play an essential and uncompensated role in mammalian development.ĬK2 is a ubiquitous and highly conserved serine/threonine kinase. Defects in the formation of the heart lead to hydrops fetalis and are likely the cause of embryonic lethality. CK2α −/− embryos die in mid-gestation, with abnormalities including open neural tubes and reductions in the branchial arches. Embryos lacking CK2α have a marked reduction in CK2 activity in spite of the presence of the CK2α′ subunit. We have used homologous recombination to disrupt the CK2α gene in the mouse germ line. Gene-targeting experiments have demonstrated that in mice, the CK2β gene is required for early embryonic development, while the CK2α′ subunit appears to be essential only for normal spermatogenesis. ![]() CK2 has many substrates in cells, and key roles in yeast cell physiology have been uncovered by introducing subunit mutations. Protein kinase CK2 (formerly casein kinase II) is a highly conserved and ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase that is composed of two catalytic subunits (CK2α and/or CK2α′) and two CK2β regulatory subunits. ![]()
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